Professor Femke Kaulingfreks argues that urban development trends, such as the rise of takeaway coffee culture, exclusive terraces, and delivery services, are creating a 'polished city' that exacerbates socioeconomic inequality. She observes that these modern urban features discourage interaction between different social classes, leading to increased segregation in public spaces.
To address this, Kaulingfreks advocates for the creation of more 'in-between spaces' within the city. She suggests that developing community centers or designated free spaces on the urban fringes could foster greater social cohesion and provide environments where diverse groups are more likely to encounter one another.
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